Near-surface geophysical survey techniques are rapid, non-destructive techniques for identifying “structure” in the ground. They are ideally suited to Phase I and II fieldwork as a substitute for strip plowing, general plowing or disking, or dozer/pan “scrapes.” Especially where survey and evaluation occur well in advance of mitigation and construction, these techniques can provide an attractive alternative to damaged fields. In addition, they also avoid many of the sampling problems associated with shovel testing and can be considerably faster and more economical. When used correctly in combination with analysis of maps and other background data, the results of a geophysical survey may be used to make decisions about how to best deploy more cost-intensive “ground truthing” operations such as shovel testing.
SHiP employs multiple survey techniques to gain maximum information in a cost-efficient manner. Magnetic gradioometry, electrical resistivity, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) equipment is used to locate potential archaeological sites. With all of these techniques, SHiP utilizes state-of-the-art data collection equipment and processing software that allows us to maximize the utility and accuracy of our geophysical survey data.
Possible applications in which geophysical survey techniques are often used include archaeological site surveys, locating burials within cemeteries, locating underground storage tanks, determining the location of underground pipes and utilities, identifying buried building foundations, and ascertaining the existence and parameters of paths and roadways.